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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the removal of carbon dioxide from the body. The main components  of the respiratory system are the lungs, the diaphragm and the intercostals. The location of the lungs The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, behind the sternum and the ribcage.  The direction of […]

Our blood carries oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the body tissues, and waste to be removed from the body. It is composed of the following components. Red blood cells Contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen. White blood cells Part of our immune system that fights infection. Destroy bacteria and other harmful organisms. Platelets […]

Blood vessels are the bodies blood transportation network. There are different types of blood vessels and they all differ in size, structure and function. Blood vessels Structure Function Arteries Thick muscular walls. Found deep beneath the skin surface.  Subdivide into smaller arteries called arterioles. Withstand high blood pressure Generally carry oxygenated blood (except for the […]

The heart is made up of cardiac muscle and divided into four chambers.  Atria (upper two chambers) The upper two chambers of the heart are called the right and left atrium. Both chambers receive blood via the veins. Ventricles (lower two chambers) The bottom two chambers of the heart are the right and left ventricles. […]

The heart is a muscular pump that sends blood around the body. It sends oxygenated blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood to the lungs . The location of the heart It is about the size of clenched fist and located behind the ribs and sternum, just left of centre.

I love exercise. I know that’s a strong word but I really do. I couldn’t live without it, and neither could my muscles. There are so many benefits of exercise but let’s focus on those experienced by our neuromuscular system. Increased muscular endurance  Improved ability to repeatedly overcome a resistance. i.e Running, jumping, swimming, climbing, rowing. […]

The autonomic nervous system has neuromuscular sensory organs that gather information and inform the central nervous system about the bodies position, muscle tension and muscle length. Joint receptors Located in the ligaments and joint capsule, info the central nervous system about the position of the body. Muscle spindles Located in the muscle belly and inform […]

Motor Units Before we discuss what the ‘all or none law’ is you must first understand what a motor unit is. A motor unit is made up of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibres it innervates.  Innervation ratio Motor units also vary in size, small motor units stimulate just a handful of […]

The job of a neuron (nerve cell) is to transmit electrical impulses (messages) around the body. The neurons that lie outside of the spinal cord are divided into motor and sensory neurons. Sensory neurons Transmit messages from our senses to our central nervous system. Motor neurons Transmit messages from our central nervous system to our […]

The nervous system can be divided up into two sub systems the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Central nervous system (CNS) The central nervous system is the bodies think tank! Or you can also call it the control centre. It is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. All human movement is […]